single point cutting tool

SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL

The single point cutting tool has only one cutting point or edge. These tools used for turning, boring, shaping or planning operations. These tools used on lathe, boring and shaper machines. The tool most widely used to remove material in the form of chips is the single- point cutting tool.

1. Classification of Single Point Cutting Tools

Single point cutting tools are classified with respect to various holding, feeding, manufacturing and usage methods. They are as follows.

1. According to the method of manufacturing the tool

(i) Forged tool

(ii) Tipped tool brazed to the carbon steel shank

(iii) Tipped tool fastened mechanically to the carbon steel shank.

2. According to the method of holding the tool

(i) Solid tool

(ii) Tool bit inserted in the tool holder.

3. According to the method of using the tool (i) Turning tool

(ii) Chamfering tool

(iii) Thread cutting tool

(iv) Facing tool

(v) Forming tool

(vi) Boring tool

(vii) Internal thread cutting tool

(viii) Grooving tool

(ix) Parting-off tool.

4. According to the method of applying feed

(i) Right hand tool

(ii) Left hand tool

(iii) Round nose tool.

1. Types of Tools based on Method of Manufacturing

1. Forged tool:

This type of tool is manufactured from high carbon steel or high-speed steel (HSS). The solid shank of the tool is formed to the required shape by forging process. The cutting edges are ground well to provide various tool angles. Figure 1.1 shows various parts of the forged tool.

2. Mechanically fastened tipped tool:

Sometimes, tips are clamped to the shank end of the tool by means of clamps and bolts as shown in Figure 1.2. Ceramic tips are fastened to the end of the shank because it is very difficult to forge.

3. Brazed tipped tool:

A tipped tool generally refers to any cutting tool where the cutting edge consists of a separate piece of material, either brazed, welded or clamped on to a separate body. Common materials for tips include tungsten carbide, polycrystalline diamond and cubic boron nitride. Brazed tipped tools are made from cemented carbide tool materials. It has high brittleness and low tensile strength. But, its cost is high. They are manufactured into different forms to make various tools such as turning tools, parting-off tools, etc. These are permanently brazed at the end of the shank. HSS tools can also be made in the form of tip brazed on carbon steel shank due to high cost.

2. Types of Tools based on Method of Holding

1. Solid tool:

These kinds of tools are made of high carbon materials. They are forged and ground to the desired shape and size. It can directly be used on lathes without any brazing and fastenings.

2. Tool bit inserted in the tool holder:

A small tool bit of single piece having the cutting edge is inserted into the tool holder itself. This tool bit may be a solid type or tipped one based on the type of material to be cut.

This tool bit has some advantages over other tools as follows:

1. The tool can be adjusted to any height.

2. It is cheaper than any other tool.

3. Regrinding is easier because it requires only on the cutting edge.

4. It can easily be withdrawn and replaced.