Metal Removing Processes

METAL REMOVING PROCESSES

Generally, the metals are removed from the workpiece to obtain the required shape and size by various processes. They are classified into two types such as

1. Non-cutting process or Chipless process.

2. Cutting process or Chip forming process.

In the non-cutting process or chipless process, the metal is shaped under the action of forces or heat or combination of both force and heat. Since there is no cutting of metal, the chip formation will not be there. The various non-cutting processes are forging, drawing, spinning, rolling, extruding etc.

In the cutting process or chip forming process, the required shape of metal is obtained by removing the unwanted material from the workpiece in the form of chips. The various cutting processes are turning, drilling, milling, boring, shaping, broaching etc.

Generally, the cutting edge of the tool is harder than the metal which is going to be cut. The metal cutting is done by a relative motion between workpiece and cutting tool.

The following relative motions may occur during metal cutting.

1. Rotation of the work against the tool. Example: Turning.

2. Rotation of the tool against the workpiece. Example: drilling, milling.

3. Linear movement of work against the tool. Example: planing.

4. Linear movement of the tool against the work. Example: shaping.